🔍 Key Concepts

• Ship motions in waves: know the standard terms—pitch, roll, yaw, surge, sway, heave • Following sea: waves coming from directly behind and how they affect heading control • Difference between a deliberate maneuver like heaving to and an involuntary motion caused by waves

💭 Think About

• Think about what kind of motion is most affected when waves push the stern of the vessel from behind—does it change speed, heading, or vertical motion? • Which of these choices describes a specific motion of the vessel, versus a maneuver or an engine order? • In a following sea, is the bow slamming into oncoming waves, or is something else happening to the vessel’s direction?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which option names a directional motion about the vertical axis of the vessel • Eliminate any choice that describes a deliberate maneuver rather than an involuntary effect of the sea • Eliminate any option that mainly refers to hull impact with head seas rather than waves from astern