🔍 Key Concepts

• List vs. trim – list is a permanent heel to one side, trim is when the ship’s bow or stern is deeper in the water • Off-center loading and its effect on transverse stability and heel angle • How mean draft (average of forward and aft drafts) relates to list and trim

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: does putting weight off the centerline change the bow–stern balance, the side-to-side balance, or both? • Would an off-center load necessarily change how deep the ship sits overall, or just how it leans? • If the vessel is only slightly heeled from cargo position, would that condition normally be easy or difficult to correct with small cargo or ballast adjustments?

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear on the definitions of list (sideways inclination) and trim (difference between forward and aft drafts). • Decide whether off-center loading mainly affects transverse (side-to-side) or longitudinal (fore-and-aft) stability. • Consider whether a slight list from known cargo misplacement is usually considered a serious, hard-to-correct condition or something routinely adjusted.