🔍 Key Concepts

• Dangerous goods / hazardous cargo handling procedures and why they are more restrictive than for ordinary cargo • The Master’s overall responsibility and authority for safety of ship, crew, and cargo • The importance of immediate reporting versus acting on your own judgment in an emergency or abnormal situation

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: when a potentially dangerous situation is discovered, is your first duty to act independently, or to inform the proper authority on board? • Consider which option best reflects standard safety and chain‑of‑command procedures on a commercial vessel. • Think about the possible consequences of broken hazardous cargo: which action makes sure that a qualified person can quickly assess risks to the crew, ship, and environment?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify which officer on board has ultimate responsibility for decisions affecting ship safety and hazardous cargo. • Check which options involve taking significant action (like jettisoning cargo or self‑deciding) without prior authorization. • Confirm which choice emphasizes immediate communication and escalation of the problem rather than delaying or minimizing it.