Your ship has loaded 22,000 barrels of crude oil, departing Valdez, Alaska for Panama. When loaded the cargo temperature was 90°F. API was 15°. The volume correction factor (VCF) is .0004. If the cargo temperature is expected to be 100°F at the discharge port, how many barrels will be offloaded?
• Thermal expansion of liquids and how temperature affects cargo volume • How to apply a Volume Correction Factor (VCF) to adjust for a temperature change • Relationship between loaded volume, temperature change, and corrected volume
• What happens to the volume of crude oil when temperature increases by 10°F, given a VCF of 0.0004? Think about whether volume increases or decreases. • How do you express the temperature change (from 90°F to 100°F) in the formula involving VCF and original volume? • Once you find the correction factor for this temperature change, how do you apply it to the original 22,000 barrels to get the new volume?
• Be sure you're using temperature difference (∆T) and not the absolute temperature in the correction step. • Confirm whether the corrected volume should be greater or smaller than 22,000 barrels based on heating. • Double-check your multiplication and any addition/subtraction steps so that the final number of barrels matches one of the choices.
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