Your ship departed Venezuela for New York, loaded with 10,000 barrels of crude oil, whose average cargo temperature was 30? C (86? F). API is 25?. The volume correction factor (VCF) is .00045. If this cargo is heated to 100? F prior to discharge, how many gallons will you offload?
• Thermal expansion of liquids – how volume changes when temperature increases • How to use the volume correction factor (VCF) with a temperature change (ΔT) • Conversion between barrels and gallons for oil cargo calculations
• First, convert the cargo from barrels to gallons at the initial temperature before heating. What fixed conversion factor links barrels and gallons? • Next, find the change in temperature in °F between loading and discharge. How do you compute ΔT from the two temperatures given? • Use the VCF to find the fractional increase in volume: how does VCF combine with ΔT and the original volume to give the new, larger volume?
• Be sure you use 42 gallons per barrel for crude oil cargo calculations (standard exam assumption). • Check that you used the temperature difference in °F (not °C) when multiplying by the VCF. • After calculating the final volume in gallons, compare to the choices and see which one is closest to your computed result without rounding too early.
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