You notice that your speed has decreased, the stern of your vessel has settled into the water, and your rudder is sluggish in responding. The MOST likely cause is __________.
• shallow water effects (squat) on a moving vessel • relationship between water depth, hull clearance, and change in trim/speed • how steering and rudder effectiveness depend on water flow past the rudder
• Which situation would affect the entire hull and propeller flow at once, rather than just one piece of machinery? • What condition could cause the ship to slow down, sink deeper by the stern, and make the rudder feel weak, all at the same time? • Which options would you expect to show additional warning signs like alarms, noise, vibration, or local equipment failure?
• Match each symptom (reduced speed, stern settling, sluggish rudder) to the listed choices and see which one explains all three together. • Ask yourself which choice is directly related to water depth and under-keel clearance rather than internal machinery. • Eliminate any option that would normally affect only one system (engine or steering gear) but not change the ship’s trim.
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