🔍 Key Concepts

• Truth tables for flip-flops vs. shift registers vs. simple converters • How D-type flip-flops behave with respect to clock, data (D), and output (Q, Q̅) including 3‑state outputs • Difference between 2-state vs. 3-state logic outputs and inverting vs. non-inverting behavior

💭 Think About

• Look at how many inputs and outputs are shown in the truth table and what they are labeled (e.g., D, CLK, EN, Q, Q̅, OE, etc.). What kind of device normally uses that exact combination? • Check what happens to the output(s) when the clock changes state. Does the device store a single bit, shift bits, or simply pass/convert a signal? • Does the truth table show a high‑impedance (Hi‑Z) or ‘disabled’ state for the output? If so, what does that tell you about 2‑state vs. 3‑state and which options that rules out?

✅ Before You Answer

• Confirm whether the truth table shows Q and Q̅ (inverted output) or only a single output line. • Verify if there is any indication of 3‑state (Hi‑Z) output, which would distinguish 3‑state from 2‑state devices. • Check whether the truth table shows data being shifted through multiple stages (characteristic of shift registers) or just stored/transferred on a clock edge (characteristic of flip‑flops/converters).