🔍 Key Concepts

• Stability and free surface effect when large amounts of water collect on board • How firefighting water accumulation can affect a vessel’s list and trim • Difference between actions that affect safety systems vs. actions that affect buoyancy and stability

💭 Think About

• Which option directly changes the amount and movement of water inside the vessel, and how does that relate to capsizing risk? • Which actions mainly help fight the fire, and which action mainly protects the vessel’s overall stability? • If the fire takes time to control, what gradual effect could continuous hose streams have on the ship’s center of gravity?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which choice controls water accumulation or free surface inside the hull • Consider which action, if ignored, could eventually cause loss of stability even if the fire is being fought successfully • Separate in your mind: actions that fight the fire vs. actions that keep the vessel upright and afloat