🔍 Key Concepts

• Turbocharger lag and rotor inertia in diesel engines • Relationship between air supply, fuel injection, and combustion quality • What causes black smoke (soot) in diesel exhaust

💭 Think About

• When you suddenly increase the load, what happens first: more fuel injected, or more air from the turbocharger? • How does the mass and inertia of the turbocharger rotor affect how quickly boost pressure (extra air) can rise? • Under what condition does a diesel engine start producing soot/black smoke in terms of fuel-to-air ratio?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which option describes a time delay between fuel increase and air increase. • Check which choices actually reduce air supply momentarily instead of increasing it. • Confirm which mechanism would cause a temporarily over-rich mixture (too much fuel for the available air), leading to black smoke.