🔍 Key Concepts

• Material compatibility between packing tools and soft non-ferrous metals like bronze or brass • Typical damage that occurs when hard tools are used on softer shaft surfaces • What type of problem would directly affect the shaft/rod surface itself, not the bonnet, heat transfer, or valve seat

💭 Think About

• When a hard steel hook contacts a softer bronze or brass shaft, what type of physical damage is most likely to occur? • Which answer choice describes a problem that happens right where you are pulling the packing rather than somewhere else in the valve? • Think about what kind of damage would later cause leakage and wear on the shaft or plunger surface.

✅ Before You Answer

• Focus on the relative hardness of the tool versus the bronze/brass part. • Ask: which option describes damage to the surface being worked on (shaft/rod/plunger/sleeve) rather than another component? • Eliminate choices that deal with corrosion, heat transfer, or valve seat issues, and look for one tied to surface damage from scraping or gouging.