While a vessel is at sea, the mate on watch discovers a fire in one of the hatches. Fire hoses are used to put the fire out and some of the cargo is damaged by water. In marine insurance terms, this partial loss by water is called __________.
• general average in marine insurance • particular average and who bears the loss • difference between accidental damage and an Act of God
• Was the damage done to benefit the common safety of ship and cargo, or did it only affect one party’s cargo? • Was this loss intentional for the common good (like jettisoning cargo) or a consequence of fighting the fire? • Which of these terms is a formal insurance term, and which are more everyday descriptions?
• Verify whether general average requires a deliberate sacrifice made for the safety of all interests involved in the voyage. • Check if particular average relates to partial loss that falls on a specific interest (such as one cargo owner) rather than being shared. • Confirm whether Act of God usually refers to natural events (storms, earthquakes, etc.), not actions taken by the crew.
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