🔍 Key Concepts

• Shallow water effects (squat) on a moving vessel • Relationship between under-keel clearance and handling (steering, speed, turning) • Difference between trim (bow-stern attitude) and list (side-to-side heel)

💭 Think About

• Think about what happens to the water flow under the hull when the water is shallow and you maintain the same engine power. • Consider whether a vessel usually becomes easier or harder to steer in shallow water. • Ask yourself which of the four options is routinely monitored and calculated by pilots and officers before entering a shallow channel.

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify which effect is directly linked to squat as speed increases in shallow water. • Check whether rudder action in shallow water is typically more or less effective than in deep water. • Make sure you distinguish clearly between trim (forward/aft) and list (port/starboard) before choosing.