🔍 Key Concepts

• Visual vs internal defects in weld inspection • What radiographic or ultrasonic testing is used to find • Differences between surface faults and hidden faults in welds

💭 Think About

• For each listed weld fault, ask yourself: can this be seen or felt on the surface, or is it hidden inside the weld metal? • Which choice specifically involves the weld not fully bonding through the joint thickness (inside the weld)? • Think about what kinds of defects a simple visual inspection, gauge, or dye penetrant test would find, and which one would require X‑ray or ultrasonic testing.

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which options are clearly surface defects that change the outside shape of the weld bead. • Identify which option describes a problem at the root or inside the joint, not obvious from the outside. • Confirm that the fault you pick would realistically require radiographic or ultrasonic testing rather than just visual or dye penetrant inspection.