🔍 Key Concepts

• Difference in momentum and inertia between loaded vs light vessels • How wind, shallow water, and prop wash over the rudder affect control • Which condition (loaded or light) has more hull in the water and which sits higher

💭 Think About

• For each choice, ask yourself: would a vessel with more draft and displacement react faster or slower to engine and rudder inputs than a lighter vessel? • Think about which condition exposes more side area to the wind and which has more underwater lateral plane (keel, hull area) to resist leeway. • Consider how shallow water affects the flow of water to the rudder and propeller. Does this reduction in flow hurt a deeper-draft (loaded) ship more, or a shallower-draft (light) ship more?

✅ Before You Answer

• For each option, mentally compare loaded vs light: which one is easier to stop and turn, and which one carries way longer? • Visualize the underwater profile and windage area of a light vs loaded ship and how that changes wind and rudder effects. • Check which statement suggests a behavior that contradicts how mass, draft, and water flow over the rudder logically work. That one is the false statement.