🔍 Key Concepts

• Ship handling in ice – how draft (deep vs shallow) affects contact with ice and ability to maneuver • Ballasting practices for light or partly loaded vessels in ice-infested waters • Use of searchlights and lookout procedures during night navigation in ice

💭 Think About

• Think about how a deeper draft changes how the hull meets the ice – does it usually make things safer or increase resistance and risk of damage? • Consider what mariners actually do with ballast when expecting to meet heavy ice: do they try to ride higher on the ice, or sit deeper in the water? • Ask yourself which statement sounds like a general safety practice vs. which sounds too extreme or contrary to typical ice-navigation guidance.

✅ Before You Answer

• Check which option recommends ballasting "as deeply as possible" and decide if that sounds realistic and safe in all ice conditions. • Compare how shallow draft forward vs deep draft would affect your ability to move through brash-filled channels. • Verify which statements are consistent with standard night navigation precautions (lighting, lookout, speed) in ice.