🔍 Key Concepts

• Shallow water hydrodynamics and how water must flow under the hull • Difference between sinkage/squat (vertical movement) and bank effects (lateral forces near a bank) • Meaning of critical speed in shallow water and what happens if you exceed it

💭 Think About

• Think about what happens to the pressure under the hull as a ship goes faster in shallow water—does the ship move up, down, sideways, or just feel the bottom? • Which option combines both a drop in the vessel’s vertical position and an increase in trim, especially by the bow or stern? • Which effects in the choices mainly occur near a bank versus in open but shallow water?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which choices describe vertical movement of the ship and which describe side forces from a bank • Recall that critical speed in shallow water is associated with a large increase in drag and a strong change in the ship’s vertical position, not just a sensation of "feeling" or "smelling" the bottom • Verify which term is formally used in ship handling texts for increased draft due to speed in shallow water