🔍 Key Concepts

• Direct injection (open type) vs. pre-combustion chamber systems in diesel engines • How a turbulence (swirl) chamber is shaped and connected to the main combustion space • What an energy cell (Lanova type) looks like compared to a simple spherical chamber

💭 Think About

• Look closely at the small chamber above the piston: how many distinct cells or pockets can you see, and how are they connected to the main cylinder? • Ask yourself whether the fuel appears to be injected directly into the main cylinder, or first into a separate chamber that then discharges into the cylinder. • Compare the illustration to what you know about common rail systems: is common rail a type of combustion chamber, or something else entirely?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify whether the combustion space over the piston is one open volume or a separate small chamber with a narrow throat to the cylinder. • Check if the pre-combustion device shown has multiple small cells/passages (energy cell) or essentially one main spherical chamber (turbulence chamber). • Confirm that common rail refers to a fuel injection system, not a shape of pre‑combustion chamber, to decide if that option fits the drawing.