🔍 Key Concepts

• Displacement of a vessel when it is freely floating vs when it is resting on the bottom • The definition of KB (height of center of buoyancy above keel) and what happens to buoyancy when aground • What physical force or effect represents the "lost" buoyancy when the ship grounds

💭 Think About

• Think about what supports the ship when it is aground: is it entirely buoyancy, entirely weight on the bottom, or a combination? • If the vessel loses some displacement because part of its weight is now carried by the ground, what is the name of the force or effect that makes up this difference? • Do any of the options (reserve buoyancy, transverse stability, inclining moment, grounding force) directly describe the difference between supported-by-water weight and supported-by-bottom weight?

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear on the definition of KB: it is the vertical distance from the keel to the center of buoyancy when floating freely. • Ask which choice describes a force related to contact with the bottom, not a property of volume above the waterline or side-to-side stability. • Eliminate terms that mainly relate to stability calculations (like heeling/inclining) rather than support of weight by the sea bottom.