🔍 Key Concepts

• Effect of compressing air on its temperature and volume before it enters the cylinders • Purpose of an intercooler between the turbocharger compressor and engine intake manifold • Relationship between air temperature, density, and oxygen available for combustion

💭 Think About

• Look at the illustration: air leaves the compressor hot, then passes through the intercooler water section. What property of that air is being changed most directly by the intercooler? • If the air going into the cylinder is cooler than it would be without the intercooler, how does that affect how much air (by mass) can be packed into the same cylinder volume? • How would that change in air mass per cycle tend to influence combustion temperatures and fuel efficiency?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which option describes the direct primary effect of cooling compressed intake air, not a secondary or assumed side effect. • Eliminate any choices that talk about something being "eliminated" completely – ask if an intercooler alone can truly guarantee that. • Consider whether brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) would normally increase or decrease when the engine breathes a denser, cooler charge with more oxygen for the same fuel.