🔍 Key Concepts

• Master’s overriding authority for safety of the vessel, even when a Pilot is embarked • Role of a Pilot as an advisor, not as the person in ultimate command • Meaning of in extremis (last possible moment before collision) and why action usually must be taken before that point

💭 Think About

• Think about who is ultimately responsible for the safety and navigation of the vessel, regardless of whether a Pilot is on board. • Consider whether a Master needs to wait for a certain condition (like an emergency) or a specific formality (like a request or signed form) before taking the conn from the Pilot. • Ask yourself which option best reflects proactive safety management rather than delay or legal paperwork.

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear on the difference between legal responsibility (Master vs Pilot) and the Pilot’s advisory role. • Verify whether a ship should ever wait until it is in extremis before changing who has the conn. • Consider whether signing a release of liability changes the Master’s responsibility under law and good seamanship.