🔍 Key Concepts

• Buoyancy: the upward force from displaced water • How a ship’s freeboard (height of deck above waterline) relates to safety and survivability • The idea of intact, watertight volume that keeps a vessel afloat if some spaces flood

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: Is reserve buoyancy talking about a force or a volume/space? • Think about where this reserve exists: above the waterline or below the waterline? • Which choice describes something that helps a ship stay afloat if it takes on some water, by having extra watertight volume still out of the water?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify whether reserve buoyancy is defined as a difference in forces or a quantity of enclosed volume. • Check if the definition should refer to spaces that are intact and watertight, not flooded. • Confirm that reserve buoyancy is associated with spaces above the waterline, not below.