🔍 Key Concepts

• Meaning of reserve buoyancy in basic naval architecture terms • Which parts of the hull contribute buoyancy only when needed, such as in heavy loading or seas • The difference between spaces above and below the waterline in terms of buoyancy and flooding

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: Which option describes volume that is normally out of the water, but can help keep the ship afloat if the vessel is pressed down or takes on some water? • Which choices are talking about specific structures (like bulkheads or a stability measure) rather than a volume of enclosed hull? • Does reserve buoyancy depend more on watertight enclosed volume or on structural elements inside that volume?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify which option refers to a watertight, enclosed volume of the hull, not an individual structural member or a stability measurement • Eliminate any choice that talks about metacentric height (GM) – that’s a stability/geometry concept, not buoyancy volume • Be sure the definition you pick reflects extra buoyant volume available above the current waterline, not voids that are already submerged under normal conditions