🔍 Key Concepts

• Squat effect – change in a vessel’s draft and trim caused by moving through water • Difference between shallow water and deep water hydrodynamics • How speed through the water affects pressure under the hull

💭 Think About

• Think about whether water has more room to move around and under the hull in deep water versus shallow water • Consider what happens to water flow and pressure under the keel as a ship speeds up in restricted depth • Ask yourself: in which situation will the water be forced to accelerate more under the hull, increasing the tendency to settle lower in the water?

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear on the definition of squat: is it about side‑to‑side movement, or change in draft/trim? • Decide whether squat can exist at all in deep water, even if it might be greater in shallow water • Consider whether channel width or water depth is the critical factor in producing squat