🔍 Key Concepts

• Static electricity hazards during tank cleaning • How bonding and grounding are normally achieved for portable equipment on tankers • Differences between a reliable metallic conductor and incidental contact paths (like water or casual deck contact)

💭 Think About

• Which option describes a deliberate, continuously reliable electrical path, not something that might be intermittent or accidental? • Think about how shipboard procedures ensure that the portable machine is at the same electrical potential as the ship’s structure before cleaning begins. • Consider whether water alone is normally accepted as a safe grounding method for flammable atmospheres, or if a more positive method is required.

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which choice provides a positive metallic connection rather than relying on fluids or gravity. • Eliminate any option that could be interrupted easily during normal operation (movement, vibration, changing jet direction, hose flexing). • Recall that tanker safety guidance emphasizes bonding/grounding of portable gear using dedicated conductors, not just contact or water flow.