🔍 Key Concepts

• Longitudinal strength and how hull girder bending works (sagging and hogging) • Which parts of the ship are in tension and which are in compression when the ship bends • The structural role of centerline deck, bottom/bilge, and side shell in resisting longitudinal bending

💭 Think About

• When a ship is hogging or sagging, which structural members carry the most longitudinal stress—deck, bottom, or side shell? • Which listed damage location most weakens the main "beam" of the ship if you think of the hull as one long girder? • How does the position (centerline vs side, midships vs ends, deck vs bilge) change the impact on global longitudinal strength?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which areas act like the top flange and bottom flange of a beam in longitudinal bending • Check which option affects structure near the centerline and near midships, where longitudinal bending stresses are highest • Distinguish between damage that affects local strength (local denting or leakage) versus overall longitudinal strength of the hull girder