🔍 Key Concepts

• VOR (Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range) operates in the VHF band and provides azimuth information to aircraft • How localizer (LOC) signals for ILS (Instrument Landing System) are transmitted and what polarization they use • The typical polarization (vertical vs horizontal) and radiation pattern (omnidirectional vs directional) for aircraft communication/navigation antennas

💭 Think About

• Think about how an aircraft in any bank angle or heading must receive the VOR and LOC signals reliably—what kind of radiation pattern helps with that? • Consider where VOR/LOC antennas are usually mounted on an aircraft and how that affects whether vertical or horizontal polarization is more practical. • Ask yourself which option describes a simple, robust antenna type that is common for VHF nav/comm systems on aircraft.

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify which polarization ( vertical vs horizontal ) is standard for VHF navigation signals like VOR and LOC. • Check whether VOR needs an omnidirectional radiation pattern relative to the aircraft for reception from any direction. • Eliminate any choices that clearly describe specialized or uncommon antenna types for typical aircraft VHF nav systems.