🔍 Key Concepts

• Root-Mean-Square (RMS) definition for voltage and current • Relationship between RMS value and heating effect (power) in a resistor • Difference between peak, average, and RMS values in AC circuits

💭 Think About

• Think about how you could replace an AC source with a DC source so that the power (heating) in a resistor stays the same. • Consider which choice talks about a condition that matches what RMS actually measures, not about mathematical operations on peak or average values that sound similar. • Ask yourself: does RMS refer to an instantaneous peak, an average over a cycle, or a specific equivalent effect?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which option refers to heating effect in a resistor over time, not just a mathematical manipulation of voltage values. • Check whether the option confuses peak value with RMS value—those are not the same. • Verify that the correct description should match: RMS is equivalent to a DC value producing the same power (I²R) in the same resistor.