🔍 Key Concepts

• Look at how figure H compares to figures E, F, G, and I in terms of AC vs DC behavior. • In a rectifier/filter circuit, the small periodic variation that rides on top of an otherwise steady DC level has a specific name. • Compare the shape in H to a calm DC line in G and the full AC sine wave in I.

💭 Think About

• Is the waveform in H mostly DC with a small periodic variation, or is it a full AC sine wave crossing the center line? • Which of the options is the standard electrical term for a small, repeating fluctuation on a DC voltage output from a rectifier? • Think about what engineers try to minimize on power supplies feeding sensitive electronics—what do they call that unwanted periodic fluctuation?

✅ Before You Answer

• Confirm that in H the voltage never drops to zero and stays above the reference line, with small peaks and valleys on top. • Check which choice is the common power‑supply term for a small AC component riding on a DC output. • Eliminate any terms that are mainly used for ocean motion or pure AC waveforms, rather than DC power quality.