🔍 Key Concepts

• ISO 8217 fuel specifications and what the 0.75% water limit actually means • How water content affects fuel heating value and engine performance • What shipboard equipment (purifiers/centrifuges vs oily-water separators) is designed to handle water in fuel vs bilge/oily mixtures

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: If the bunker water content is 0.75% by volume and still within ISO 8217:2010, what is the first and most certain impact on the ship or owner? • Consider whether onboard purification can completely eliminate the consequences of that water, or only remove most of the water before combustion. • Think about what each piece of equipment (fuel centrifuges vs oily-water separator) is actually approved and intended to treat. Which systems are involved at the initial stage after bunkering?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify what ISO 8217:2010 says about maximum water content and whether 0.75% is within spec. • Check which answer focuses on the primary economic implication of receiving fuel with 0.75% water, assuming it is still specification-compliant. • Confirm which options incorrectly rely on oily-water separators for fuel treatment or suggest that water in fuel is not an engineering or economic issue.