🔍 Key Concepts

• Transformer turns ratio and how primary voltage relates to secondary voltage (Vp/Vs = Np/Ns). • How series vs parallel connections affect voltage and current for equal secondary windings. • For a dual secondary where the turns ratio is 2:1 total, what the voltage is across each individual secondary winding when they are in series.

💭 Think About

• If the total turns ratio is 2:1 from primary to the series-connected secondaries, what secondary voltage do you get from 440 volts on the primary? • Once you know the total series secondary voltage, what must the voltage be across each identical secondary winding? • When those two identical secondaries are instead connected in parallel, does the voltage across each parallel pair (X1-X3 and X2-X4) increase, decrease, or stay the same compared to a single winding? Why?

✅ Before You Answer

• Confirm that the 2:1 turns ratio applies to the entire secondary when in series, not to each half individually. • Be sure you’ve identified from the figure that in parallel connection, X1 is tied to X3 and X2 is tied to X4, forming two output terminals (X1-X3 as one side, X2-X4 as the other). • Verify that in a parallel connection of identical windings, voltage stays the same as a single winding, while available current (kVA) changes. Use this to choose the closest option.