🔍 Key Concepts

• Energy conversion in turbines – how heat/pressure energy in the gas is turned into mechanical rotation • Role of nozzles – do they mainly change pressure, velocity, or direction of flow? • Impulse vs. reaction turbines – think about how the gas must strike the turbine blades (buckets) to do work

💭 Think About

• Picture the turbine wheel and its blades: from which direction must the high‑velocity gas jet hit the blades to produce rotation most efficiently? • Does the nozzle aim the flow along the shaft, across the shaft, or tangentially around the wheel? Relate that to how a water jet drives a Pelton wheel. • Among the options, which flow direction would best create a strong tangential (twisting) force on the blades rather than just pushing along the shaft?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify whether the turbine shaft (axis) runs fore‑and‑aft or athwartships is irrelevant; focus on its geometry (along vs. across the axis). • Check which options describe flow along the axis versus across or around the axis and which one would most effectively cause rotation. • Recall that turbine nozzles typically convert pressure energy into high‑velocity jets that strike the blades primarily in a tangential direction. Match that idea to the closest option.