🔍 Key Concepts

• AC circuits and how voltage and current are usually measured with standard meters • Difference between apparent power, true (real) power, and power factor in AC systems • What you get when you multiply volts × amps in an AC circuit without any phase angle correction

💭 Think About

• When you multiply the reading of an AC voltmeter and an AC ammeter directly, are you including any effect of phase angle (cos φ) between voltage and current? • Which quantity in AC power theory is simply volts times amps, and which one adjusts that by a cosine term? • Think about which of the options is a dimensionless ratio and which are measured in watts or volt‑amps.

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which answer choice represents V × A without phase correction in AC circuits • Recall that true power involves a cos φ (power factor) term: P = V × I × cos φ • Note which option is not a standard electrical engineering term used for AC power