🔍 Key Concepts

• Relationship between KGL (height of center of gravity above keel) and trim angle • How LCG (longitudinal center of gravity) forward or aft of midships affects whether the vessel trims by the head or by the stern • Using small-angle assumptions to relate LCG, draft, and trim angle in degrees

💭 Think About

• Is the given LCG forward or aft of the longitudinal center of flotation, and what does that imply about trimming by the head vs by the stern? • How does a higher or lower center of gravity (KGL) influence the geometry of the trim angle for a vessel of a given draft? • If you imagine the vessel as a long rectangle in the water, how would you sketch the right triangle that represents the trim angle, and what sides of the triangle correspond to draft, KGL, and trim?

✅ Before You Answer

• Decide clearly whether a positive LCG value here means weight is shifted forward or aft relative to the reference point used in the problem • Be sure you are forming the right triangle correctly: the vertical side must be consistent with the given dimensions and the horizontal side with the fore‑and‑aft shift • Convert the angle you find from radians to degrees (or use the inverse tangent function directly in degrees) before comparing to the multiple‑choice answers