🔍 Key Concepts

• center of flotation (F) vs center of buoyancy (B) vs center of gravity (G) • Relationship of the waterplane area to trimming/rotation at the water surface • Where the upward and downward forces are considered to act in basic stability theory

💭 Think About

• When a vessel trims (pitches bow up or down), around what point on the water surface does it rotate? • Which point is associated with the waterplane only, and which is associated with the entire underwater volume? • Which choice sounds like a definition of G (weight), which sounds like B (buoyancy), and which is specific to the waterplane area?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which option refers specifically to the waterplane (this is key for center of flotation). • Separate the definition of center of gravity (G) from center of buoyancy (B) before deciding. • Make sure the option you pick matches the idea of the point about which the ship trims at the water surface, not the entire underwater volume.