🔍 Key Concepts

• Typical cell voltages for lead-acid, nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), and alkaline batteries • Difference between cell voltage and battery (multiple cells) voltage • What "average fully-charged" means (nominal vs. peak voltage)

💭 Think About

• Think about what voltage you expect from a standard 12-volt lead-acid battery and how many cells it contains, then divide to get voltage per cell. • Compare which of the listed voltages is commonly associated with Ni-Cd or other rechargeable chemistries rather than lead-acid. • Consider that the "average fully-charged" voltage is slightly higher than the nominal working voltage of the cell—what value best fits that idea?

✅ Before You Answer

• Confirm how many cells are in a typical 12-volt lead-acid battery and the approximate voltage of each. • Eliminate the option that matches the typical Ni-Cd cell voltage, since the question is specifically about lead-acid. • Choose the value that, when multiplied by the number of cells in a 12-volt battery, comes closest to its real fully-charged terminal voltage (around 12.6–12.7 volts).