🔍 Key Concepts

• Basic ship motions: roll, pitch, yaw, heave, sway, surge • Definition of a ship’s axes: longitudinal, transverse, and vertical • Which motion looks like a ship rocking side to side vs nodding bow-to-stern

💭 Think About

• Picture a ship viewed from ahead or astern: when it rolls side to side, what line through the hull is it rotating around? • Compare roll to pitch: pitch is bow up and down—what axis does that use, and how is roll different? • Think of how a pencil lying on a table can rotate: along its length, across its width, or around a vertical line— which is most like rolling of a ship?

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear on the difference between longitudinal axis (bow to stern) and transverse axis (side to side) • Remember: roll = side-to-side rocking, pitch = bow up/down, yaw = turning left/right • Eliminate any option that describes a line that does NOT match the real rotation when the ship rolls in waves