🔍 Key Concepts

• Fuel atomization and how injection pressure affects droplet size and spray pattern • Role of combustion chamber shape in directing airflow and fuel spray • How air turbulence/swirl inside the cylinder improves fuel–air mixing

💭 Think About

• Which factor (pressure, shape, or turbulence) directly changes how finely the fuel is broken up and spread through the air? • Can good dispersion happen if only one factor is correct but the others are poor? Think about real diesel engine design. • If an engineer wanted to improve combustion efficiency and reduce smoke, would they usually change just one of these items, or consider several together?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which items affect spray pattern and atomization of fuel vs. just timing or quantity. • Consider how air motion (swirl/squish) inside the cylinder helps fuel mix with air before ignition. • Ask yourself if proper dispersion in a modern diesel is typically controlled by a single design factor or a combination of factors.