🔍 Key Concepts

• What "regulation" means in a power supply (how steady the output voltage stays when load changes) • How bleeder resistance affects stability of the output voltage and discharge of filter capacitors • How filter chokes and filter capacitance each influence ripple and voltage drop

💭 Think About

• For each option, ask yourself: would this condition make the output voltage more stable or less stable as load changes? • Think about what happens to output voltage if the load suddenly decreases or increases: which components help keep the voltage from swinging? • Consider whether any of the listed conditions would cause extra voltage drop or more ripple, and whether that counts as poor regulation.

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear on the definition of poor regulation: large change in output voltage for a given change in load current • Review how bleeder resistors improve stability and safety in power supplies • Recall that both filter chokes (inductors) and filter capacitors affect ripple and voltage stability, but in different ways.