🔍 Key Concepts

• Squat: How a ship settles deeper in the water when moving, due to pressure changes under the hull • How blocky, full-form vessels (like tankers and bulk carriers) behave compared with fine-form ships (like container ships or passenger ships) • Effect of under-keel clearance and hull shape on where the ship sinks more (bow vs stern)

💭 Think About

• Think about where the greatest underwater volume and flow disturbance is on a very large, full-bodied ship • Consider whether the propeller and stern or the bow are more likely to cause low pressure and increased sinkage when the vessel is making way • Ask yourself how a large ship normally sits when loaded: does it typically have more draft aft or forward, and how might that change when it squats

✅ Before You Answer

• Compare the behavior of full-form ships (tankers, bulkers) with fine-form ships (fast cargo ships, ferries) in shallow water • Visualize the flow of water under the hull: where is water speed highest and pressure lowest on a large tanker at service speed? • Before choosing, check if the option matches the usual trim and propeller location for very large ocean-going vessels