🔍 Key Concepts

• Cargo classifications for oil and hazardous materials under 46 CFR and pollution regs • Differences between Grade A, B, C, D, and E oils (primarily based on volatility and flashpoint) • Typical properties of crude oil compared to refined products like gasoline or heavy fuel oil

💭 Think About

• Think about whether crude oil is generally more similar (in volatility and flashpoint) to gasoline and naptha, or to heavy fuel oils and lube oils • Ask yourself: is crude oil usually considered highly volatile, moderately volatile, or low volatility? • Compare where crude oil would fall on a spectrum from very light (like gasoline) to very heavy (like bunker fuel) and which letter grades usually match that range

✅ Before You Answer

• Review the definition of each grade (A–E) in your study materials and note the flashpoint ranges • Confirm which grades are associated with most crude oils, not special or unusual crudes • Make sure you are not confusing the grade classification for refined products (like gasoline or jet fuel) with that for unrefined crude oil