🔍 Key Concepts

• Local action in a lead-acid cell and what causes it (impurities, internal chemical reactions) • Difference between self-discharge (internal losses) vs. normal discharge under load • Effects of sulfation and what trickle charging is actually used to prevent

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: What exactly is meant by 'local action'—is it something that happens when the battery is in use, or when it is just sitting idle? • Which of the choices describes internal chemical losses that happen even when no external circuit is connected? • Does trickle charging directly reduce local action, or is it primarily aimed at preventing another specific problem in lead-acid batteries?

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear on the definition of local action: internal, wasteful chemical activity due to impurities that causes self-discharge. • Check which answer choices correctly describe slow internal discharge vs. sulfation of plates—these are related but not identical processes. • Verify whether trickle charging is used to combat local action, sulfation, or both, and whether that makes all statements simultaneously true.