🔍 Key Concepts

• Rule 19 – Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility (International Rules) • Use of radar information to avoid close-quarters situations • Difference between large, early course/speed changes vs. small, frequent alterations

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: In fog, are you primarily following the standard “steering and sailing rules,” or is there a special rule that changes how you use radar and maneuver? • Consider whether good seamanship favors small, frequent course changes or one or two substantial, obvious ones when using radar to avoid close quarters. • Think about whether turning to port for a vessel detected forward of the beam is normally encouraged or discouraged in restricted visibility.

✅ Before You Answer

• Check what Rule 19 specifically says about avoiding alterations of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam. • Verify whether Rule 19 recommends “ample” (large and early) changes rather than a series of small alterations when using radar. • Confirm whether the rule requires a specific time interval (like six minutes) for plotting radar contacts, or just “early and substantial” action.