🔍 Key Concepts

• MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) Annex I requirements for oil tankers • Threshold tonnage in gross tons at which an International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificate becomes mandatory • Difference between smaller domestic vessels and larger international tonnage requirements

💭 Think About

• Which of these tonnage values do you most often see as a lower limit for international convention certificates, such as MARPOL or SOLAS, for cargo ships and tankers? • Think about whether the IOPP Certificate is mainly aimed at very small coastal tankers, or at larger seagoing tankers that pose a greater pollution risk. • Among the choices, which tonnage is commonly associated with multiple international certificate requirements on seagoing ships?

✅ Before You Answer

• Check MARPOL Annex I provisions on certification and surveys for oil tankers to see the gross tonnage threshold. • Verify whether the same tonnage threshold appears for other international safety or pollution-prevention certificates, which often share a common 400 gross tons or higher cutoff. • Be sure you are thinking in gross tons (GT) under international conventions, not U.S. regulatory thresholds for domestic-only vessels.