🔍 Key Concepts

• Faraday’s law of induction: induced voltage depends on how fast the conductor cuts magnetic flux lines • The relation E ∝ B · l · v · sinθ, where θ is the angle between motion and magnetic flux lines • Position of the armature conductors relative to the neutral plane and pole faces in a DC generator

💭 Think About

• In which figures are the conductors moving most nearly perpendicular to the magnetic flux lines between the N and S poles? • Looking at each sketch, where are the active sides of the loop (A and B) located: near the neutral plane (minimum voltage) or under the pole faces where flux density is greatest (maximum voltage)? • How does the position of the loop affect the total flux cut per unit time as it rotates from A to B to C to D?

✅ Before You Answer

• For each figure, check whether the conductors are cutting flux lines or moving parallel to them • Identify which positions place the conductors in the strongest part of the magnetic field (center of the pole faces) • Confirm in which cases both sides of the loop are effectively contributing maximum induced voltage at the brushes