In the North Sea area, you sight a buoy showing an uninterrupted quick-flashing white light. Which of the four topmarks shown in illustration D031NG below will this buoy be fitted with under the IALA Buoyage system?
β’ IALA Region A buoyage used in the North Sea β’ Difference between cardinal marks and lateral marks (red/green) β’ Light characteristics of a North cardinal mark vs East, South, and West (continuous quick-flashing vs groups of flashes)
β’ In the North Sea, an uninterrupted quick-flashing white light usually belongs to which type of cardinal mark: North, East, South, or West? β’ Once you identify the correct cardinal direction, what is the standard topmark arrangement of the two black cones for that direction? Both points up, both points down, points together, or points apart? β’ Compare each of the four illustrated topmarks and match the one whose cone orientation agrees with the cardinal direction you determined.
β’ Confirm that a continuous quick-flashing white light (no groups) corresponds to the correct cardinal direction in IALA. β’ Check that the chosen topmark uses two black cones and that their points/bases are oriented exactly as for that cardinal mark. β’ Make sure you are not confusing the shapes for East ("egg") and West ("waist") cardinals when comparing the cone orientations.
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