🔍 Key Concepts

• Bunkering procedures and typical causes of overflow or spills • The point in the operation when tank levels are hardest to control • The difference between steady-state pumping and changes in flow/pressure

💭 Think About

• At what stage is there the greatest risk of overfilling a tank due to small misjudgments in volume or level? • When are crew most likely to be adjusting valves or communicating closely with the pumpman/terminal, increasing the chance of miscommunication? • Which step usually involves slow, careful control of the flow rate to avoid an overflow?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which choice involves maximum attention to tank soundings/ullage and level readings • Consider when a small delay in response could most quickly lead to an overflow • Think about which step normally requires the slowest pumping rate and closest monitoring of the tank tops and vents