🔍 Key Concepts
• Managerial control systems and why performance standards are needed
• Differences between tangible (quantifiable) and intangible (qualitative) measures
• How easily each type of standard (time, numerical, monetary, intangible) can be tracked and compared over time
đź’ Think About
• For each option, ask yourself: Can this be directly counted, timed, or costed with hard numbers? Or does it rely on opinions, perceptions, or surveys?
• Which type of standard would create the most disagreement between employees and management about whether it has really been met?
• Which option would require more judgment, interpretation, or indirect indicators rather than simple records or instruments?
âś… Before You Answer
• Identify which choices are clearly quantitative (based on numbers you can measure with tools, clocks, or financial records).
• Identify which choice depends most on human perception, feelings, or attitudes rather than hard data.
• Consider which standard would be hardest to define precisely and to measure the same way every time.