🔍 Key Concepts

• Reefer cargo care – how temperature, humidity, and ventilation affect fruit cargo • Difference between inherent vice of cargo (pre‑existing damage) and damage caused during carriage • What a clean bill of lading or receipt implies about cargo condition at loading

💭 Think About

• Think about what mold present at loading tells you about the fruit’s condition before it ever goes into your reefer space. • Which option protects you and the ship from liability for cargo that is already in poor condition? • Consider which action is actually effective for already‑moldy fruit versus what just treats symptoms or creates new risks.

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify which choices deal with pre‑existing cargo damage at the time of loading, not damage that develops later in the voyage. • Ask whether any option would create safety hazards (for crew or ship) that are not justified by the situation. • Check which choice best documents or addresses the observed mold at the time of loading in a way that can be proven later.