🔍 Key Concepts

• Tool overhang and leverage from the clamping point to the cutting edge • How rigidity vs flexibility of the tool affects cutting action • Typical causes of vibration and instability in machine-tool operations

💭 Think About

• When distances A and B are made larger, what happens to the length of tool that is unsupported between the clamp and the cutting edge? • Does increasing those distances make the tool setup more rigid or less rigid, and how would that change the smoothness of the cut? • Which of the answer choices best matches a problem caused by a long, less‑supported cutting tool under load?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify which distances in the sketch represent unsupported tool length above and beyond the tool post support • Consider which defect is most directly linked to loss of rigidity and increased vibration rather than depth of cut or clamping slippage • Eliminate any options that would more likely result from loose clamping hardware instead of excessive overhang