🔍 Key Concepts

• The relationship between unsafe practices (how people act) and accidents • The role of unsafe conditions (physical environment) in unexpected contact accidents • How job safety analysis (analyzing jobs for safer methods) can prevent accidents

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: if accidents are ‘unexpected contact,’ which option(s) would actually reduce the chance of that contact happening in the first place? • Consider whether focusing on only one aspect (practices, conditions, or job methods) is usually enough to prevent accidents in a real-world maritime environment. • Think about how a safety officer or supervisor is typically trained: do they concentrate on just one area, or look at multiple factors together?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify whether people’s behavior can cause unexpected contact even when equipment and environment are in good condition. • Check whether poor physical conditions alone (even with good behavior) can still lead to accidents. • Confirm whether changing the way the job is done can remove or reduce both unsafe acts and unsafe conditions.